The Thermodynamic Nature of Interest Rates and Economic Phase Transitions: A Biophysical Hypothesis on the Collapse of the Gold Standard

Mainstream macroeconomic and financial theories often operate on the idealized assumption that human survival is guaranteed, treating capital, interest rates, and currency as abstract game chips—as if clicking a mouse could magically conjure food, masks, and transformers out of thin air. Grounded in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, information theory, and fluid dynamics, this paper constructs a biophysical framework that redefines human society as a "gelatinous fluid" and money as "exergy dispatch vouchers". Through historical-theoretical analysis of the 1925–1931 British Gold Standard collapse and modern fiat systems, we demonstrate that economic crises are systemic phase transitions driven by the breach of physical and thermodynamic limits。Building upon these insights, this study raises a critical methodological proposition for ecological economics: should the biophysical survival constraint equations—specifically the upper temporal limit bounding total societal activity within finite carbon-based conscious time and the lower energy maintenance baseline required to prevent system collapse—be formally established as foundational axioms? Ultimately, we argue that future financial architectures must move beyond both rigid material suffocation and unanchored fiat thermal runaway by achieving absolute coupling between symbolic ledgers and objective physical limits, paving the way toward a resilient "entropy-standard" future.