性自命出与负阴抱阳：先秦儒道融通之人性阴阳流变论|Human Nature Deriving from the Mandate and Carrying Yin while Embracing Yang: A Theory of the Yin-Yang Flux of Human Nature in the Integration of Pre-Qin Confucianism and Daoism

性自命出与负阴抱阳：先秦儒道融通之人性阴阳流变论 摘要 传统人性论始终存在两个根本局限：其一，以善恶静态本质定义人性，无法解释人心随环境、阅历持续消长流变的真实状态；其二，普遍采用“以善克恶、以理制欲”的对抗式修养路径，人为制造持久的精神内耗。迄今为止，尚未有一套体系既能完整解释人性的动态流变规律，又能提供顺性而为、无内耗的心性修养路径。本文立足先秦儒道原典，从四个层面展开核心建构。本体层面，据郭店楚简“性自命出，命自天降”确立人性的天命根源——人性非先天定善或定恶，而是天命赋予的阴阳二元共生结构，明德为阳、幽暗为阴，二者同禀天命，不可彻底根除；机制层面，依老子“负阴而抱阳”的结构观，提出心性运化遵循“阳盛则阴自敛”的自然规律——持续涵养明德则内在幽暗自发萎缩，无需对抗压制，从根源消解修心内耗；形态层面，揭示中间态摇摆人性乃世人普遍常态，绝大多数人既非天生圣人也非纯粹恶人，心性具备双向流变的可能性；体系层面，建立“量变涵养—临界阈值—质变自觉”的渐化—著变模型，完整呈现人性正向跃迁与反向沉沦的全周期运行规律。四层建构环环相扣，共同回应“人性从何而来、因何而变、如何向上”的根本追问。 关键词：人性论；阴阳流变；性自命出；负阴抱阳；明德；幽暗；渐化—著变 Human Nature Deriving from the Mandate and Carrying Yin while Embracing Yang: A Theory of the Yin-Yang Flux of Human Nature in the Integration of Pre-Qin Confucianism and Daoism Abstract： Traditional theories of human nature have always had two fundamental limitations. First, they define human nature in terms of a static essence of good or evil, failing to explain the real condition in which the human mind continuously waxes, wanes, and undergoes flux in response to environment and life experience. Second, they generally adopt an adversarial cultivation approach of "overcoming evil with good and controlling desires with reason," artificially creating persistent internal mental friction. To date, there has been no system that can both comprehensively explain the dynamic laws of human nature’s flux and provide a path of mind-nature cultivation that follows one’s nature (shun xing er wei) without inner friction. This paper, grounded in the original classics of Pre-Qin Confucianism and Daoism, develops its core construction on four levels. At the ontological level, drawing on the Guodian bamboo-slip text "Human nature arises from the mandate, and the mandate descends from Heaven," it establishes the Heavenly-mandate origin of human nature—human nature is not innately fixed as good or evil, but is a dual symbiotic structure of yin and yang endowed by the Heavenly mandate: bright virtue (mingde) is yang, darkness (you’an) is yin; both are equally endowed by the Heavenly mandate and cannot be completely eradicated. At the mechanism level, based on Laozi’s structural view of "carrying yin and embracing yang," it proposes that the operation of mind-nature follows the natural law of "when yang flourishes, yin spontaneously contracts"—continuously nourishing bright virtue causes the inner darkness to atrophy on its own, without the need for confrontation or suppression, thereby eliminating the inner friction of mind cultivation at its root. At the morphological level, it reveals that the intermediate, wavering human nature is the common norm for most people; the vast majority are neither born sages nor purely evil individuals, and the mind-nature possesses the possibility of bi-directional flux. At the systemic level, it establishes a model of "quantitative cultivation – critical threshold – qualitative awakening" (jianhua-zhubian: gradual transformation and manifest change), comprehensively presenting the full-cycle operational laws of human nature’s positive leap and reverse degradation. These four levels of construction are interlocked, jointly addressing the fundamental question: "Where does human nature come from? Why does it change? How can it be elevated upwards?" Keyword： theory of human nature; yin-yang flux; human nature arises from the mandate (xing zi ming chu); carrying yin and embracing yang; bright virtue (mingde); darkness (you’an); gradual transformation and manifest change