The Unattainability of Communism

This paper aims to demonstrate that, within the theoretical framework of Marxism itself, the communist society it posits is logically unattainable. The argumentative strategy adopted is a rigorous immanent critique: suspending all external normative values, the paper accepts the fundamental axioms of historical materialism in their entirety and uses them as the sole instruments of deduction to examine whether Marx’s projected transition from capitalism through socialism to communism can hold. The core argument reveals a set of irreconcilable internal contradictions: socialist revolutions, occurring necessarily in backward agrarian countries, inevitably give rise to a centralized authoritarian superstructure; this authoritarian superstructure, in the innovation-driven phase of development, necessarily mutates into a fetter on the productive forces; and according to the laws of historical materialism, a social formation whose superstructure has become a fetter cannot complete the transition to a higher stage. Marxism, by its own laws, permanently blocks the destination it has promised. The unattainability of communism is not a historical regret; it is a logical necessity.