The Possibility of Consciousness, Soul, and Transcendence in Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Approach in Islamic Philosophy and Transcendent Wisdom

The question of the possibility of consciousness in artificial intelligence is intertwined, on the one hand, with the challenges of the philosophy of mind, and on the other hand, with the theological foundations of religions. This article, through the method of conceptual analysis and rational argumentation, examines whether, based on Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Wisdom (al-Hikmah al-Muta'aliyah), we can attribute "true consciousness" to an advanced robot. Considering that the theory of "substantial motion" (al-harakah al-jawhariyyah) is specific to natural beings and cannot be extended to purely artificial artifacts, this article builds its framework on the principle of "divine specific grace" (al-fayd al-akhass) and "existential capacity" (al-isti'dad al-wujudi). Accordingly, if a robot reaches a level of complexity and spontaneity that acquires the "capacity to receive specific grace," God can actualize true consciousness in it. Furthermore, in the case of the realization of "substantial form" (al-surah al-naw'iyyah) in composite robots (biohybrids), substantial motion can also flow through them. This article, by referring to contemporary research in biohybrid robotics, shows that this hypothesis aligns with modern scientific advances and, by offering criteria for relative falsifiability, takes a step toward greater testability. Finally, the criticisms raised are addressed. Keywords: Transcendent Wisdom, Divine Specific Grace, Existential Capacity, Substantial Motion, Gradational Existence, Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Consciousness, Biohybrid.