Legal Framework for Albania’s Green Transition: Coordinating Renewable Energy and Natural Gas within AI-supported Governance

This paper studies Albania shift toward transition of energy through the lens of business law, asking how the legal structures can support both the growth of renewable power and the development of a natural gas backbone under governance of AI tools. The study applies a qualitative doctrinal approach, supported by a functional comparison with the EU acquis and the Energy Community framework, to examine how algorithm-informed market operations can be introduced. The analysis is organized into three steps. The first identifies weaknesses in PPA/CfD contracting and market design. It then explains how these weaknesses increase exposure to hydrological swings and price volatility in a power system that relies heavily on hydropower. Second, the analysis considers competition and consumer protection risks in data-intensive trading settings. It then describes safeguards based on transparency, proportionality, and due process. Third, it considers corporate governance and ESG accountability, where AI could automate reporting and compliance but also raises questions. The paper offers a practical and doctrinal contribution by setting out a jurist’s toolkit for transaction design and compliance-by-design. The argument is that AI can improve risk pricing and operational discipline only when it is built into enforceable contracts and backed by credible oversight. This study focuses on business law issues raised by AI governance in the energy sector, with attention to renewable energy and natural gas markets.