Towards Tawhidic Oceanography: An Islamic Epistemological Framework for Marine Science

Modern marine science is often shaped by a positivistic paradigm that separates scientific inquiry from ethical and spiritual values, contributing to ecological exploitation and environmental degradation. This study aims to reconstruct the epistemological foundation of oceanography through an integrative Islamic framework combining Bayani (revelation), Burhani (empirical-rational inquiry), and Irfani (spiritual-intuitive insight). Using a qualitative philosophical approach based on library research and critical-constructive analysis, this study examines the limitations of secular scientific ontology and proposes the concept of “Tawhidic Oceanography.”The findings reveal that the integration of empirical, normative, and spiritual dimensions produces a more holistic understanding of marine science, where the ocean is viewed simultaneously as an ecological system, a divine trust, and a manifestation of God’s signs. The study contributes an operational epistemological model for integrating scientific rigor, ethical responsibility, and spiritual awareness within marine research and education.