Categorical Abstractions of Molecular Structures of Biological Objects: A Case Study of Nucleic Acids

The type-level abstraction is a formal way to represent molecular structures in biological practice. Graphical representations of molecular structures of biological objects are also used to identify functional processes of things. This paper will reveal that category theory is a formal mathematical language not only to visualize molecular structures of biological objects as type-level abstraction formally but also to understand how to infer biological functions from the molecular structures of biological objects. Category theory is a toolkit to understand biological knowledge at the type-level formally, not individual token-level, as well as typical heuristic strategies in molecular biology.