Mecánica cuántica y filosofía: Implicaciones ontológicas y epistemológicas de las interpretaciones cuánticas a la luz del debate materialismo-idealismo

This paper aims to examine the main interpretations of quantum mechanics from a philosophical perspective. To this end, I will focus on the tensions between materialism and idealism, which I will address from a critical-dialectical perspective. This will demonstrate that these interpretations are not merely "neutral" or "impartial" mathematical formalizations in the philosophical realm, but rather approaches that embrace ontological and epistemological positions on one side or the other. To this end, I will compare the Copenhagen interpretation, the Bohmian one, and the many-worlds one, assessing the extent to which each expresses idealist or materialist judgments and axioms. This analysis reveals a series of limitations pertaining to classical materialism (of a mechanistic nature) and quantum idealism (of an operational or subjectivist nature). In response, I propose a superior synthesis based on materialist dialectics (Diamat). This "Quantum Dialectical Interpretation" (QDI) will assume contradiction, non-locality, and indeterminacy as objective, real properties of matter in motion, rejecting both the need for hidden variables and the reduction of reality to the act of observation-measurement.