Coalitional Psychology and the Evolution of Intelligence

As evolutionary and behavioral scholars have long noted, humans are “uniquely unique,” partly due to our remarkable cognitive sophistication. Since Darwin, scientists have sought both proximate and ultimate explanations for how human thinking and information processing differ from those of other species, and why humans evolved such advanced cognitive skills. Research over the past few decades suggests that various aspects of human socioecology—such as large group sizes and intensified social competition driven by ecological dominance—have selected for greater intelligence. However, a clear account of how intelligence enables individuals to adaptively navigate the complex web of social interactions within human groups remains an unsatisfied desideratum. To address this issue, we synthesize insights from psychology, anthropology, cognitive science, and other evolutionarily informed fields to formulate the Coalitional Intelligence Hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that the behavioral manifestations of human intelligence function as honest signals of coalitional value, facilitating adaptive exchanges of status and cognitive–computational services. We derive five testable predictions from this hypothesis and evaluate them against core findings in the literature.