Racionalita a logika_preprint

This preprint has been accepted for publication in The Philosophical Journal. Please note, this preprint has not yet undergone final checks and typesetting. The final published version of this paper may, therefore, have slightly different content. The final version will be available via the ‘Peer-reviewed Publication DOI’ link in the related External link on this webpage. Please feel free to contact the author; we welcome feedback. Thank you. The article examines the nature of rationality and its relationship to logic in the context of contemporary concerns about conspiracy theories and the limits of critical thinking. It distinguishes between practical (instrumental) and theoretical rationality and questions the view that being rational simply means following the laws of logic. While theoretical rationality is linked to logical inference, research on cognitive biases shows that human reasoning systematically departs from formal logical ideals. The paper also challenges the idea of logical laws as objective, mind-independent structures, emphasizing the plurality of logical systems and the role of language in shaping inference. Logic is thus presented not as the discovery of timeless laws, but as an idealization of inferential practices rooted in natural language.