The Logical Principles of Cognizing Things

This is the old version. Please see the new version: 《The Principles of Cognitive Logic》. This paper starts from the fundamental logical principles of human cognition, briefly abstracts and generalizes human cognitive logic. It abstracts various entities as objects of perception, and characteristics and the relationships between them are the results of perception. By extending the concept of existence, we derive the truth determination and, based on this, explain the possibility of a knowledge system. We apply this research method to complex systems such as humans and human social organizations, highlighting the importance of optionality for human and societal development. Finally, we further extend perception to unknown objects, unifying various cognitive processes into cognitive philosophy. Through applied philosophy, we provide simple answers to some typical longstanding questions and propose ideas for the logical framework of transcendental logic and Beyond-Logic.