ENTROPY AS THE METAPHYSICAL PRICE OF TEMPORAL EXISTENCE: A Philosophy of Science–Theology of Bodily Resurrection

Thermodynamic irreversibility—the physical basis of the arrow of time—is not merely an obstacle to eternal bodily existence but is metaphysically constitutive of temporal existence as such. Drawing on Aristotelian hylomorphism as interpreted by Ibn Rushd (Averroes), and engaging technically with the philosophy of thermodynamics (Eddington, Reichenbach, Price, Albert), I argue that hylomorphic identity—the identity of a soul-body composite as an ongoing actualization process—presupposes an entropic temporal regime (∆S > 0). The same physical condition that makes identity-in-time possible thereby makes biological decay inevitable; entropy is not a curse superimposed upon existence, but the metaphysical price of temporal existence itself. The Qur’anic declaration that on the Day of Resurrection “the earth shall be replaced by another earth” (Q. Ibrahim 14:48) is thus not a claim about geographical relocation, but a declaration of the transformation of the thermodynamic regime governing temporal existence. Resurrection is not a restoration to a prior physical state but a culmination—the transition of the hylomorphic form to a new mode of temporal existence in a transformed ontological substrate, further articulated through Mulla Sadra’s doctrine of al-haraka al-jawhariyya (substantial motion) as ontological intensification rather than mere reconstitution.