Engineering Geological Properties of Sandstone and Clay Formations in Tropical Sedimentary Terrains: Implications for Infrastructure Development

Infrastructure development in tropical sedimentary terrains is increasingly constrained by weak subgrades, rapid pavement deterioration, slope instability, gully erosion, foundation settlement, and weathering-driven degradation of sandstone-clay sequences. These failures persist because engineering designs often treat lithology, geotechnics, groundwater, geomorphology, and climate as separate variables rather than interacting controls. ...