From the Illusion of Individuality to the Specialization of Human Knowledge: An Evolutionary and Systemic Perspective

Abstract This paper explores how the illusion of individuality — the human perception of being a separate, autonomous entity — evolved into the specialization of skills and knowledge across human societies. Drawing from cognitive science, anthropology, and systems thinking, the paper connects this evolutionary development to the Universal Formula proposed by the author, particularly the Law of Karma (as cause-effect-system) and the Law of Balance in Nature. It argues that while individuality is illusory at a metaphysical level, its psychological utility has contributed significantly to the development of functional societal systems. However, the illusion must be balanced by systemic feedback mechanisms to prevent societal fragmentation. This perspective offers a new direction for holistic education and leadership training.