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The Mass Gap Problem in Quantum Yang–Mills Theory
This paper provides an overview of the mass gap problem in quan- tum Yang–Mills theory. Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the dynamics of non-abelian fields. In physical observa- tions, the gauge bosons (gluons) are not observable as free particles, while composite particles (hadrons) possess positive mass. The math- ematical proof of the existence of this “mass gap” remains unresolved, and it is one of the Millennium Prize Problems posed by the Clay Mathematics Institute.
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