From Academic Entrepreneurship to the Performance of Academic Spin-Offs: A systematic Review of the International Gap and the Colombian Context

Academic entrepreneurship and the creation of academic spin-offs are essential pillars for driving innovation and economic development globally. However, the trajectory of these initiatives shows significant differences between developed and emerging countries, such as Colombia. This study conducts a systematic review of articles indexed in Web of Science, using the PRISMA protocol to ensure a rigorous and reproducible selection. From a total of 2,532 articles published in the last decade (2014-2024), 40 were selected according to strict exclusion criteria. The methodology includes an interpretative paradigmatic view and a subjective study, complemented by the visual analysis tool Posit PBC™ for bibliometric analysis in Biblioshyni. The study answers key questions about the evolution of research in this field, the factors that determine the success of spin-offs and the suggested horizon for Colombia in comparison with global trends. The results show a shift from an initial focus on the creation of spin-offs to an increasing attention on their performance and long-term sustainability. Internationally, research underlines the relevance of technology transfer, university-industry collaboration, and efficient management of technological resources as key factors for the success of these initiatives. In contrast, in Colombia, most studies focus on the institutional, cultural and regulatory aspects that facilitate the creation of spin-offs, while the analysis of their performance after creation is less frequent