Sources of Funding for Private Infrastructure Development in the Philippines: An Economic and Philosophical Analysis through the Universal Law of Balance

Abstract This paper examines the major sources of capital that fund private infrastructure projects in the Philippines, including corporate investments, bank financing, foreign direct investment (FDI), public–private partnerships (PPP), and real estate investment trusts (REITs). It also interprets these financial mechanisms through the lens of the universal law of balance in nature — emphasizing the need for harmony between private profit and public welfare, between national sovereignty and global participation, and between development and environmental sustainability.