Exposure Duration Shapes the Hepatic Response to GenX: Divergent Acute and Chronic Transcriptomic Profiles Reveal Non-Monotonic Dose Effects and Increased Sensitivity in Human Liver Spheroids

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX), a replacement for legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), is increasingly detected in the environment, yet its chronic toxicity remains poorly characterized. Current safety assessments rely largely on short-term, high-dose studies that may not