Orbits of maximal and submaximal dimension for Sylow $p$-subgroups of finite classical groups

Let $U$ be a Sylow $p$-subgroup in a classical group over a finite field with $q$ elements of characteristic $p$ large enough. The coadjoint orbits of the group $U$ play the key role in the description of irreducible complex characters of $U$. In the paper, we provide a classification of such orbits