Secure Pseudonymetry with DSSS Watermarking for LEO Satellites

[2608.27693] Secure Pseudonymetry with DSSS Watermarking for LEO Satellites Skip to main content Search Submit Donate Log in Electrical Engineering and Systems Science > Signal Processing arXiv:2608.27693 (eess) [Submitted on 27 Aug 2026] Title: Secure Pseudonymetry with DSSS Watermarking for LEO Satellites Authors: Nisanur Camuzcu , Alireza Vahid View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: Low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellations offer dense signals of opportunity (SOP) for positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) without dedicated navigation infrastructure. However, using these signals passively, by only listening to the downlink, is difficult when beacon/pilot components are weak, signals from multiple satellites overlap, or the receiver cannot reliably identify which satellite generated a given observable. This paper proposes a low-power direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) watermarking framework that embeds a recoverable pseudonymous satellite identifier and keyed authentication field into a LEO downlink signal. The watermark carries a public satellite pseudonym for identification and a keyed HMAC-SHA256-based authentication field for authorized verification, enabling passive detection and verification without full downlink demodulation. We evaluate the framework in a multi-satellite simulation using Starlink two-line-element (TLE)-derived geometry, Doppler, and link-budget scaling with Sionna RT-based local propagation. The results demonstrate candidate-satellite detection, public-ID recovery, and keyed verification under co-observed satellite interference, with limited perturbation to the simulated beacon/pilot and primary downlink components. The framework targets future transmitter-enabled LEO systems while remaining transparent to legacy receivers that do not process the low-power watermark. Comments: 6 pages, 7 figures. Accepted to the 2026 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2026) Subjects: Signal Processing (eess.SP) Cite as: arXiv:2608.27693 [eess.SP] (or arXiv:2608.27693v1 [eess.SP] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.27693 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Nisanur Camuzcu [ view email ] [v1] Thu, 27 Aug 2026 20:28:54 UTC (3,750 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: eess.SP < prev | next > new | recent | 2026-08 Change to browse by: eess References & Citations SciX Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer ( What is the Explorer? ) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers ( What is Connected Papers? ) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps ( What is Litmaps? ) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations ( What are Smart Citations? ) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv ( What is alphaXiv? ) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers ( What is CatalyzeX? ) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub ( What is DagsHub? ) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub ( What is GotitPub? ) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face ( What is Huggingface? ) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast ( What is ScienceCast? ) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate ( What is Replicate? ) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces ( What is Spaces? ) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI ( What is TXYZ.AI? ) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower ( What are Influence Flowers? ) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender ( What is CORE? ) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs . Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax ( What is MathJax? ) We gratefully acknowledge support from our major funders , member institutions , and all contributors. About · Help · Contact · Subscribe · Copyright · Privacy · Accessibility · Operational Status (opens in new tab)

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