Development of a community-based social studies learning model combined with project-based learning to promote disciplined behavior and responsibility for learning among primary school students in a small school

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a community-based and project-based instructional model for social studies to promote disciplinary behavior and learning responsibility among primary school students in small-sized schools. Using a research and development (R&D) approach guided by the ADDIE model, the study involved 30 Grade 5 students from two small schools in Songkhla Province, Thailand. Participants were divided into experimental and control groups. The PPRSE instructional model, implemented over 20 weeks, was assessed using behavioral scales, academic achievement tests, and satisfaction questionnaires. Data analysis revealed that the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher levels of disciplinary behavior and academic achievement in social studies compared to the control group (p < .05). Students also reported high satisfaction with the model, particularly regarding its real-world relevance and educational benefits. The findings highlight the model's effectiveness in fostering self-discipline, responsibility, and academic success through active, community-engaged learning. The study offers practical implications for educators seeking to enhance student engagement and lifelong learning competencies, especially in resource-constrained or small-school environments. The model provides a replicable framework that bridges classroom learning with local contexts, reinforcing 21st-century skills through meaningful and student-centered pedagogical practices.