Time complexity of a compiler

I am interested in the time complexity of a compiler. Clearly this is a very complicated question as there are many compilers, compiler options and variables to consider. Specifically, I am interested in LLVM but would be interested in any thoughts people had or places to start research. A quite google seems to bring little to light. My guess would be that there are some optimisation steps which are exponential, but which have little impact on the actual time. Eg, exponential based on the number are arguments of a function. From the top of my head, I would say that generating the AST tree would be linear. IR generation would require stepping through the tree while looking up values in ever growing tables, so $O(n^2)$ or $O(n\log n)$. Code generation and linking would be a similar type of operation. Therefore, my guess would be $O(n^2)$, if we removed exponentials of variables which do not realistically grow. I could be completely wrong though. Does anyone have any thoughts on it?