Efficacy and Safety of rTMS Combined With HA in the Treatment of Cognitive Decline in Aged Related Hearing Loss

This study is a real-world interventional trial enrolling 189 participants: older adults with age-related hearing loss not using hearing aids (ARHL-nonHA), those using hearing aids (ARHL-HA), and those with normal hearing (HC). All groups will undergo hearing, cognitive (MMSE, MoCA, SCWT, DST, TMT), depression (GDS-15, HAMD-24), sleep (PSQI), and brain imaging (EEG, sMRI, rs-fMRI, task-fMRI) assessments. The ARHL-nonHA and ARHL-HA groups will receive two 14-day courses of high-frequency rTMS (one session daily). One month after treatment, reassessments will be conducted in these two groups. Data will then be analyzed to evaluate the cognitive benefits of rTMS combined with hearing aids and to explore the underlying brain mechanisms.