Pre-Frailty Risk in Cardiovascular Surgery

Frailty is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), recent data has shown significant association between pre-frailty and the risk of incident for CVD, irrespective of any classical cardiometabolic risk factors, suggesting that targeting pre-frailty as a potentially reversible risk factor for CVD in the elderly. Patients with high levels of frailty have an increased risk in post-operative period, with more time in mechanical ventilation, length of stay and complications (stroke and death) compared to patients with low frailty levels. The investigators hypothesized that pre-frailty patients also have a higher surgical risk compared to no-frailty patients.