Hypoxia Adaptation Promotes Cerebral Functional Connectivity With Neuromuscular Efficiency Decrement

The study utilized a trimodal setup comprising EEG, EMG, and fNIRS modules. Participants wore a 64-channel dry EEG cap, while EMG electrodes were placed on the right biceps brachii, the flexor digitorum profundus of the forearm, and the gastrocnemius muscle. fNIRS probes were positioned on the forehead to monitor cerebral hemodynamic responses. The experimental paradigm included two tasks: motor execution (ME) and motor imagery (MI). During ME, participants performed 15 trials of actual movements. In MI, participants completed 60 trials of imagined movements. Each trial involved a randomly presented stimulus-left-hand clenching, right-hand clenching, or bilateral heel raising-with each movement type occurring an equal number of times across the session.