Feedback and Stability in Adaptive Complex Systems: A Cross-Domain Approach to Universal Balance

We present a formal framework for understanding stability in adaptive complex systems through feedback regulation. Imbalance is defined as deviations from desired system states, and negative feedback mechanisms improve long-term system stability, while suppression increases instability. We extend the framework to empirical study designs and theoretical multi-agent simulations, providing a testable, cross-domain hypothesis compatible with non-equilibrium thermodynamics and complexity theory.