Manual Pressure and ShotBlocker to Reduce Needle-Related Pain and Fear

This experimental, prospective, and randomized controlled study was designed to determine and compare the effects of applying manual pressure and ShotBlocker methods in reducing pain and fear during the subcutaneous insulin injection for children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. A parallel trial design was used describing two intervention (manual pressure and ShotBlocker) and a control group (no intervention used) as the third arm. The study population consisted of children aged 6-12 years, diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus, administered insulin injections, able to cognitively score their pain and fear levels, who wanted to participate in the study, and gave verbal and written consent to participate in the study.The study sample composed of 90 children based on confidence interval of 95% and statistical power of 80%. Each intervention and control group was matched in terms of gender. In the study, the randomization of the sample group was performed by using stratification and block randomization methods.