Scalp Blocks for Pediatric External Ventricular Drainage Placement

External ventricular drainage (EVD) provides cerebrospinal fluid drainage in hydrocephalus. In adults, the neurosurgeon can place EVD at the bedside. In children, it is mainly preferred to be placed in the operating room under general anesthesia. However, general anesthesia may negatively affect oxygenation (during the intubation period) or cerebral blood flow (due to hypotension). This study investigates the use of regional block methods (without general anesthesia) in children for EVD placement.