Refractory Breathlessness in COPD

This study aims to investigate the prognosis and clinical outcomes of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who continue to experience refractory dyspnea despite treatment with long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) and long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). The research will prospectively follow a cohort of patients to identify clinical factors, lung function parameters, imaging features, and cardiovascular indicators associated with poor treatment response. By comparing these patients with those who show symptom improvement, the study seeks to determine predictors of exacerbations, lung function decline, and mortality. Findings are expected to guide the development of targeted strategies to improve the management of refractory dyspnea in COPD.