Evaluating the Relationship of Morphine Consumption and Pain-related Molecules in Hepatic Surgical Patients

According to above basic findings, it is important to confirm those results in clinic. In this branch, the investigators will use patient control analgesic (PCA) device to investigate the consumption of morphine for patients undergoing hepatic surgery. Preoperative and postoperative (before and after surgery) blood will be sampling (15cc/time) and y liver tissue (10mm3) will be harvested to measure the expression of above molecules (TM, IL-20, HD). Pain questionnaire will also be applied to evaluate their pain control quality. Certainly, the morphine consumption and results from pain questionnaire will be correlated with the molecule amount to figure out possible relationship between morphine consumption and those molecules. Patients undergoing abdominal surgery and using morphine pain control analgesia (PCA) device will be involved. Pre- and Post- operative (after anesthesia and at the end of surgery) blood sampling (total 30 ml) plus normal liver tissue (10mm3) e will be harvested. Above protein(TM, IL-20, HD) amount change will be measured (ELISA for TM, IL-20 (serum) or flowcytometry (white cells) for TM, HD, IL-20 expression, stain or blotting for skin tissue). Patients will be included in this branch to check the correlation between morphine consumption and protein expression. Pain questionnaire (BPI, McGill) will be applied for pain evaluation. 2-D gel analysis will also be applied to screen further possible molecules. Specific aims 1. To investigate the correlation of morphine consumption and the serum amount of IL-20, TM or HD 2. To investigate the relationship between IL-20, TM, HD amount in liver tissue and morphine consumption