Stress Ball and Hand Holding on Pain After Knee Arthroplasty

Pain after Total Knee Arthroplasty. (TKA) is an important problem When pain is not controlled, it can negatively affect the patients; mobility level.This research; A randomized controlled experimental design was planned to examine the effects of stress ball and hand holding on pain and mobility levels in patients who underwent Continuous Passive Movement (CPM) after Total knee arthroplasty.The study was planned to be conducted between 03.10.2024 and 09.07.2025 on patients who who had total knee arthroplasty. surgery at the Aksaray University Training and Research Hospital Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic.Since no study similar to our study design was found in the literature, the sample size of the study was calculated as 22 patients in each arm with Cohen\* effect sizes for VAS, 3 arms, 2 repeated measurements, a medium effect size of 0.25 effect, 95% power and 5% type 1 error level.Considering that there may be data loss in the study, the sample size was increased by 20%, and a total of 78 patients, 26 in each arm.Assignment of patients to stress ball, hand holding and control arm using block randomization method,Determining by drawing lots which letters will represent the stress ball, hand holding and control arms as A, B, C,The blocks were planned to be created by a statistician."Stress ball intervention" to the stress ball, "Hand holding intervention" will be made to the hand holding arm, "No intervention other than standard maintenance" will be made to the control arm during CPM.The implementation of the study will be carried out by the researcher R.S. and will be blinded to random assignment.On the 1st and 2nd days after total knee prosthesis, exercises are performed for 30 minutes with continuous passive movement.Considering this situation and the literature, the pain levels of the patients will be evaluated a total of 4 times on the 1st and 2nd days, before the CPM exercise, at the 5th minute, 15th minute and at the end of the exercise (30th minute); Mobi