High-Risk Factors for VTE Death

Study population and characteristics This retrospective cohort study initially screened 105,168 consecutive hospitalized patients at Shihezi People's Hospital from February 2022 to June 2025. Acute symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) was defined as newly diagnosed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) by imaging confirmation. Diagnosis was confirmed by at least one of the following objective methods: compression ultrasonography showing non-compressible venous segments for DVT, or computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) showing intraluminal filling defects for PE. All diagnoses were extracted from the hospital's VTE Dynamic Management Data System.Symptom status was assessed at the time of imaging. The research protocol was approved by the ethics committees. The requirement for written informed consent was waived, as the study used clinical information obtained during routine clinical practice. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shihezi People's Hospital (SHZ-2403). Inclusion criteria: (1) age ≥ 18 years; (2)acute VTE as defined above; (3) complete electronic medical records available. Exclusion criteria: (1) missing key variables (e.g., discharge status, follow-up data, or ≥20% of prespecified risk factors); (2) chronic VTE (symptom duration \> 31 days); (3)VTE diagnosed at another hospital without confirmatory imaging available. Study Design and Grouping Definition The hospitals databases were searched for clinical diagnoses and imaging examinations using the VTE Dynamic Management Data System (VTE Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Support System, developed by DrBreath Medical Company, Beijing). Accordingly, all patients diagnosed with VTE were classified into two mutually exclusive groups based on their vital status at the end of follow-up: the Survival Group (patients alive at last contact) and the Death Group (patients who died from any cause during hospitalization or follow-up). This outcome-driven dichotomy was