The PROtective Effect of SulforAphaNe on Chronic Low-grade Inflammation in Healthy Participants

Rationale: Most non-communicable diseases are partially affected by low-grade chronic inflammation. Research has shown that sulforaphane, an ingredient found in abundance in broccoli, shows promise as a potent anti-inflammatory substance. However, its potential in the settings of the caloric-induced inflammatory response has not been tested. Objective: In the present study, the investigators aim to assess the efficacy of sulforaphane on biomarkers of inflammation and other markers of phenotypic flexibility in healthy participants subjected to the standardized 'PhenFlex' challenge. Study design: Double-blind, crossover, randomized, placebo-controlled, intervention study. Study population: Healthy human volunteers (18-50 years old) Intervention: Participants will receive 16 grams (intervention) of broccoli sprouts (BroccoCress®) and 16 grams of Affilla Cress® (placebo) on different occasions in randomized order. Main study parameters/endpoints: The main endpoint of the present study is to demonstrate that sulforaphane can influence endothelial activation measured as changes in plasma concentrations of sVCAM and sICAM in a caloric challenge test in healthy participants. Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: Use of BroccoCress® in human subjects has not been related to adverse effects, except of the individuals who show individual intolerance to cruciferous vegetables. Those individuals will not be permitted into the study. The 'PhenFlex', a high-fat, high-glucose, high-calorie drink, is used for the caloric load. The PhenFlex has been used in three studies before, with no side effects reported after consumption. Sampling of venous blood can potentially cause complications (haematoma formation, fainting, etc). The procedures involved in this study will include an interview, assessment of vital signs, completion of the study related questionnaires and collection of blood and urine samples. Volunteers