Absorption and Metabolic Profiles of a Sugar-based Beverage

Primary objective is to determine absorption profile of a sugar-based beverage on inflammatory mechanism by timing of beverage consumption relative to meal intake. Secondary objective is to determine absorption profile of a sugar-based beverage on oxidative and metabolic mechanism by timing of beverage consumption relative to meal intake. The results will be served as an internal reference or negative control group to compare with polyphenol containing studies from other studies. Each subject will receive 3 identical placebo drinks at each time points: fasting (0h), with standardized breakfast meal (2h), and 2 hours after the breakfast meal (4h). A planned size of 12 will be recruited into this part of the study. This study is a single-arm design utilizing a multiple sampling, and repeated measures paradigm to evaluate timing influence of consumption of sugar-based beverage associated acute effect on inflammatory markers.