Long-Term Risk of Kidney Stones in Living Kidney Donors

Using a population-based, matched, retrospective cohort approach, this study will evaluate the long-term risk of kidney stones among living kidney donors compared with matched healthy nondonors. Linked administrative health care databases from Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia will be used and living kidney donors who donated between 1992 and 2024 will be identified and matched 1:10 to a carefully selected population of healthy nondonors based on baseline characteristics. The primary outcome is a surgical intervention for kidney stones (including shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy). The secondary outcome is a hospital encounter with a kidney stone diagnosis.