From pigs to people: what is it like to perform a pig-to-human kidney xenotransplant?

Since 2022, genetically modified pig organs have been transplanted into both deceased and living human subjects, and first-in-human clinical trials began in 2025. Yet, little is known about the experience of performing such procedures. The first kidney xenotransplant studies involved human brain-dead recipients, with graft function ranging from hours to months. Interviews were conducted with one of the first surgeons with experience in performing a pig-to-human kidney xenotransplant and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Following analysis, four personal experiential themes were identified: Desiring a more equitable patient future; Being changed by bonding with the family; Crossing a boundary without feeling the difference and Everything changed when the pig kidney turned pink. As the first exploration of a surgeon’s lived experience of xenotransplantation, the study highlights how motivations, uncertainties and ethical commitments influence engagement with emerging biotechnologies. While uncertainties remain, the findings provide insight into how a surgeon interprets and navigates the conceptual and emotional terrain of crossing into first-in-human xenotransplantation.