Possible Diagnostic Protein Markers in Schistosoma Related Bladder Diseases.

Schistosomiasis is the second most common parasitic infection affecting humans, endemic in the Middle East, especially Egypt (1), and in 42 African countries (2). There are 5 main species infecting humans: S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, and S. mekongi. S. haematobium is responsible for chronic urogenital infections that may cause serious complications (3). Urinary schistosomiasis is mostly borne in rural and agricultural communities, according to WHO (4)