Creating and Optimizing Mindfulness Measures to Enhance and Normalize Clinical Evaluation

While MBI trials have reached a greater level of rigor (e.g., random assignment, matching on time, attention, teacher characteristics, non-specific factors) a significant gap still remains in mindfulness research: the lack of a comprehensive and standardized self-report measurement system. A precise, carefully constructed set of assessment tools based on a common measurement system are needed; where scores can be psychometrically linked to current "legacy" measures to better understand the existing body of mindfulness research. In this study, Creating and Optimizing Mindfulness Measures to Enhance and Normalize Clinical Evaluation (COMMENCE), the investigators will use Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) methodologies to construct improved self-report mindfulness-related measures. They will also use PROMIS-based PROsetta Stone linking methods to equate scores and create cross-walks between new mindfulness measures and existing ones.