The Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Germinal Center Immune Response in Hepatitis B Virus Infection

The purpose of this observational study is to investigate the structure and composition of germinal centers in individuals with chronic HBV infection. The primary questions it aims to address are: What are the phenotypes, functions, and complexity of B cell clones of the immune cells within the germinal centers of chronic HBV-infected individuals? Do chronic HBV-infected individuals have ectopic germinal centers in the liver? This will be studied by collecting peripheral blood and discarded liver, lymph node, and tonsil tissues from chronic HBV patients undergoing lymph node surgery, hepatectomy, and tonsillectomy.