Combined Effects of Green Light and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Migraine Patients.

According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, headache disorders are among the most prevalent and disabling conditions worldwide, with estimated 1-year prevalence of migraine (22.5%) in Pakistan, considerably higher than the global 1-year prevalence of 15%. The treatment options comprise such as lifestyle modifications, behavioral therapy, medication such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptic drugs or antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor, and neuromodulation. One of the non-invasive neuromodulation technique is used in migraine patients .i.e., transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), tDCS is a promising method for migraine treatment delivering a low-intensity current through the scalp by means of electrodes to modulate the state of polarization of the cerebral cortex; depending on the polarity of the electrical stimulation, tDCS can be either anodal(excitatory) or cathodal(inhibitory). Neuromodulation by tDCS is thought to follow Hebbian Theory ("neurons that fire together, wire together"). If presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons are both active, the result is synaptic strengthening; if one or both are inactive, no change occurs. The literature reported significant reduction in migraine days when applying tDCS to the occipital cortex, primary motor cortex, or the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The advantages of tDCS treatment are its relatively low cost compared to other neurostimulator methods, safety and generally mild side effects.