Analysis of the Interaction Between Preoperative Lifestyle and Clinical Characteristics of Cardiac Surgery Patients and Perioperative Complications

Each year, over four million patients die within 30 days after surgery, accounting for 7.7% of global deaths. Due to its unique nature, cardiac surgery carries a significantly higher risk of perioperative complications and long-term mortality compared to non-cardiac surgeries. Therefore, the identification, management, and prevention of perioperative complications in cardiac surgery have long been a clinical focus. Common manifestations of perioperative organ injury include neurological complications, acute kidney injury, respiratory failure, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and liver injury. This study aims to explore the association between preoperative lifestyle and postoperative complications in cardiac surgery, as well as their interaction with clinical characteristics, in order to facilitate the prediction and prevention of perioperative complications. This retrospective cohort study plans to include adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery as the object of study. Different preoperative lifestyle habits will be considered as exposure factors to investigate the relationships between these exposure factors and the occurrence of major organ complications after cardiac surgery.