Areola Preservation in NSM With Nipple Involvement

Background: During nipple-sparing mastectomy (a surgery that removes breast tissue but keeps the nipple and areola), doctors test the tissue behind the nipple right away. If cancer cells are found in this nipple tissue, current guidelines say the entire nipple and areola must be removed. However, research suggests that when the nipple is involved, the surrounding pigmented skin (the areola) is very rarely affected by cancer. Removing it might be unnecessary and leads to a worse cosmetic outcome, which can impact a woman's self-image and quality of life. Currently, there is no prospective study to guide whether the areola can be safely preserved in this specific situation. Purpose: This is a pilot study that aims to explore the feasibility, safety, and early outcomes of a new surgical procedure: preserving the areola and performing immediate nipple reconstruction when cancer is found in the nipple during surgery. Study Plan: This is a single-arm, single-center, prospective, exploratory study. Women with early-stage breast cancer who are scheduled for a nipple-sparing mastectomy will be invited. Only if cancer is confirmed in the nipple during their surgery will they be enrolled into the single test group. In this group: The nipple is removed. A small ring of tissue from under the areola is tested immediately (second frozen section). If this ring shows no cancer, the areola skin is preserved. A new nipple is created during the same operation using a local skin flap technique (purse-string suture). All patients will have immediate breast reconstruction. We plan to include about 40-60 patients at one hospital. Patients will be closely followed for 3 years with regular check-ups and scans to monitor for any cancer recurrence or complications. What We Will Measure (Exploratory Endpoints): Safety \& Feasibility: The success rate of areola preservation (based on negative second frozen section), surgical complication rates (e.g., infection, tissue necrosis). Ear