Elastography in Predicting Renal Outcome

There are two types of elastography: strain elastography assesses the degree of strain when applying a given amount of force to the skin. Shear-wave elastography assesses the velocity of shear wave propagation within the target lesion. A part of the tissue is deformed by a "push pulse", the velocity of the shear waves propagating within the tissue is detected, and the stiffness of the tissue is assessed based on the detected shear velocity. Shear-wave elastography has been intensively studied in thyroid, breast, liver, cervical lymph nodes, and musculoskeletal diseases with promising result. Transthoracic shear-wave ultrasound is also used for the prediction of lung malignancy. In progressive renal disease, renal function decline correlates with the extent of interstitial fibrosis, irrespective of the original pathology. Experience and research in using shear-wave elastography to study the stiffness of renal parenchyma and renal fibrosis are scanty. The investigators will conduct a prospective observational study. This study aims to provide the information of tissue elasticity in different etiologies of renal diseases and to validate the predictive value of shear-wave elastography in predicting renal function and renal fibrosis. By assuming a power of 0.8, a two-side p value of 0.05, a ratio of 0.2 (sample sizes in negative/positive groups) to detect the difference between area under ROC curve and null hypothesis value (0.8 and 0.7), a target sample of 273 (with a 5% cushion, 260\~290) patients is required.