Effect of Music on Pain, Embarrassment, and Urodynamic Outcomes

Urodynamic testing (UDT) is a diagnostic procedure frequently used to evaluate lower urinary tract dysfunction, including urinary incontinence and voiding difficulties. Despite its diagnostic value, UDT is invasive and often causes discomfort, pain, and embarrassment due to catheter placement and repeated measurements. These negative experiences may reduce patient compliance, affect diagnostic accuracy, and increase reluctance to repeat the procedure. Music has been shown to promote relaxation and reduce pain and anxiety in various clinical settings, but its effect during urodynamic testing has not been adequately studied. This randomized controlled trial was designed to determine whether listening to music during invasive UDT can reduce pain and embarrassment while influencing urodynamic parameters.