Comparing Intermittent Fasting, Clean Ketogenic Diet, and Their Combined Effects on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Markers, and Metabolic Health

A cross-study analysis combined data from two sequential pre-post intervention studies conducted at the University of Tennessee at Martin, yielding a three-arm design comprising intermittent fasting alone (n = 16), clean ketogenic diet alone (n = 22), and combined clean ketogenic diet with intermittent fasting (n = 41). The clean ketogenic diet restricted carbohydrate intake to 20 grams per day from whole unprocessed sources and eliminated refined sugars, high-fructose corn syrup, and ultra-processed foods.