Effectiveness of Ropinirole and Gabapentin for the Treatment of RLS in Patients on Maintenance HD

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurologic disorder characterized by 1) an urge to move the legs, 2) uncomfortable sensations in the legs, 3) symptoms that are often worse the evening or when at rest , and 4) may be temporarily relieved by physical activity. The overall prevalence of RLS in the general population is estimated to be around 10%, however, it is significantly in the end stage kidney disease (ESKD) population is significantly higher (approximately 30%). Studies have shown that RLS has a substantial negative impact on both the physical and the mental health dimensions of quality of life (QOL), such as depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue and sleep disorder. While non-pharmacological treatments should be considered for all patients, pharmacological management of RLS is indicated when the affects patient's sleep or quality of life. Gabapentin and dopamine agonists such as ropinirole are usually the first choices in treating RSL. Although these medications are also used in patients with renal impairment, few studies provide treatment data for the hemodialysis population. Treatment recommendations for this population are largely based on data obtained in the general population. This study aims to evaluate effectiveness of ropinirole and gabapentin for the treatment of restless legs syndrome in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.