2D:4D Finger Ratio and Breast Cancer in Women

This prospective study aims to evaluate the 2D:4D finger ratio in women diagnosed with breast cancer compared to healthy controls and to examine its potential association with tumor markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3). A total of 132 women are included in the study, comprising 79 patients with breast cancer and 53 healthy controls. Participants are recruited from a breast clinic setting. Finger lengths are measured to calculate 2D:4D ratios, and serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels are recorded. Statistical analyses are performed to assess correlations between finger morphometry and tumor marker levels. The study seeks to explore whether finger length patterns and 2D:4D ratios are associated with breast cancer status and selected tumor markers, and to evaluate their potential relevance as non-invasive indicators related to hormonal exposure history.