PMR vs MM for Patients on Hemodialysis

Background: Hemodialysis is considered as an effective therapy to remove harmful waste from the body and to improve the quality of life in patients suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, patients who receive hemodialysis perceive various stressors that are harmful to their physical and psychological well-being. Therefore, it is necessary to implement effective and practical therapeutic strategies to enhance the quality of life in this population. Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) are effective mind-body connection programs that are inadequately used in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Objectives: This study will examine the differential effects of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on expression suppression, cognitive reappraisal, and perceived Stress in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease undergoing hemodialysis in Jordan. Methods: An experimental parallel control, randomized design will be implemented among 159 PwESRD undergoing hemodialysis in a big referral Hospital in Jordan. Simple random assignation will be used to create three equal groups including PMR, MBI, and control groups (N= each). Both groups will practice their assigned intervention over five weeks (with three half-hour sessions per week) during hemodialysis sessions. The study variables will be measured for the three groups at the outset and eight weeks after initiation. Variables will be measured by the self-reporting questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristic sheet, the Mindfulness attention awareness scale (MAAS) the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA) will be used to analyze the main study data.