Identification and Treatment of Renal Stenosis in Transplanted Kidneys

Renal artery stenosis is a complication that may follow kidney transplantation1-5. Renal artery stenosis greater than 50% of the lumen of the artery, associated with clinical symptoms or laboratory worsening of renal function, may lead to transplant failure, however, the indications for treatment and the modalities of treatment remain, to date, a debated topic in the literature. The guidelines of the European Society of Urology recommend endovascular treatment as the first-line treatment by means of angioplasty and/or stent placement6. A recent review of the literature7 examined the results of 56 studies: the results fully support endovascular treatment of the disease which appears to be effective and with a low rate of complications.