Hemodynamic Effects of Different Vasoconstrictors in Mandibular Exodontia

Title of Study: The Effect of Different Vasoconstrictive Agents on Hemodynamics Among Patients Undergoing Simple Mandibular Exodontia: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Location: King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital (KAUFD), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia What Is This Study About? This study examines two types of vasoconstrictive agents used alongside local anesthetic during simple lower tooth extractions: * Epinephrine (1:100,000) * Epinephrine Bitartrate (1:55,000) What are vasoconstrictors? Vasoconstrictors help control bleeding and extend the numbing effect during dental procedures. They are usually added to local anesthetics (numbing agent) during dental procedures. This research aims to answer the following questions: 1. Which one of the vasoconstrictive agents has less effect on the heart rate and blood pressure 2. Which one offers better pain control? Who Can participate? * Adult patient +18 year/old or above (healthy or with well-controlled conditions like hypertension) * Patients who require non-surgical lower tooth extractions * Procedures will be done by supervised fifth and sixth-year dental students Potential Risks and Discomforts Like any medical procedure, there are some potential risks, including: From the anesthesia and vasoconstrictors: * Allergic reaction * Prolonged numbness * Changes in blood pressure and heart rate From the tooth extraction itself: * Bleeding * Pain or discomfort * Swelling or bruising * Infection * Dry socket * Delayed healing * Damage to nearby teeth or tissues * Fracture of the tooth or jawbone * Numbness or altered sensation (temporary or permanent) * Sinus complications (in upper tooth extractions) * The need for additional procedures Potential Benefits * Free tooth extraction * Blood pressure monitoring - with referral to a primary care provider if undiagnosed high blood pressure is detected Costs There are no additional costs to participate in this research. Treatment and extraction are provided fr